WideAreaNetworks.pptVIP

Wide Area Networks WAN vs LAN Span BW Delay Different protocols Usually you don’t own the WAN infrastructure Point to point link That’s what you “see” Ex: leased line Usually simulated by a circuit or packet switched network Circuit Switching Based on the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) Analog: modems up to 56K Digital: 64K circuits - SDH w/ TDM cf Bocq Designated circuits Packet Switching Data streams segmented in packets Statistical Multiplexing (FIFO or QoS techniques) Circuit vs Packet switching Circuit: Sum of peak data rates transmission capacity Packet: Sum of average data rates transmission capacity Circuit: waste of BW Packet: delay = unacceptable for voice Connection oriented vs Connectionless Circuit: CO Data: CL = need addressing Virtual Circuits Connection Oriented: encapsulation includes a “flow” identifier Best of two worlds? Switched VCs - 3 phases: circuit setup, data transfer, circuit termination Permanent VCs - more expensive as need to be constantly up, use less BW VC multiplexing Synchronous Data Link Control SDLC SDLC Developped by IBM for use w/ SNA Most of L2 protocols are based on the SDLC format (HDLC, LAPB, 802.2, etc…) SDLC Frame Format X.25 X.25 1970s Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) Data Circuit-terminating Equipment (DCE) Packet Switching Exchange (PSE) DCE provides clock X.25 topology Packet Assembler/Disassembler X.25 Stack LAPB Frame X.25 Data Link Control Point to point full duplex data links Correction of errors and congestion control Encapsulation of data in variable length frames delimited by flags Redundant error correction bits Sliding window (8 or 128 frames) X.121 address X.121 address Data Network Identification Code (DNIC) National Terminal Number (NTN) Packet Level Protocol Several circuits multiplexed Sliding window error and congestion control for every VC Call restriction, charging, QoS, ... VC Setup PVC: permanent entry in “routing” table (static), substitute to leased lines SVC: dynamic entry in