公共政策Y老师课件.ppt

114 Rights Reserved Incremental model Contents of the Incremental Model: ? ? ? 1) Limitation of analysis to a few somewhat familiar policy alternatives…differing only marginally from the status quo 2) An intertwining of analysis of policy goals and other values with the empirical aspects of the problems (that is, no requirement that values be specified first with means subsequently found to promote them) 3) A greater analytical preoccupation with ills to be remedied than positive goals to be sought; Copyright ? 2011 SCUT YU Feng All 115 Rights Reserved Incremental model ? ? ? 4) A sequence of trial, errors, and revised trials 5) Analysis that explores only some, not all of the important possible consequences of considered alternatives 6) Fragmentation of analytical work to many (partisan) participants in decision making (each attending to their piece of the overall problem domain) Copyright ? 2011 SCUT YU Feng All 116 Rights Reserved Incremental model Features of the incremental model of decision making ? Decision-makers conclude decision through a process of making successive limited comparisons with earlier decisions, those they are familiar with. ? Decisions thus arrived at are usually only marginally different from those that exist; in other words, the changes from the status quo are incremental Case: Nation College Entrance Examination (NCEX) National Unified Examination; autonomous enrolment Copyright ? 2011 SCUT 117 Rights Reserved Incremental Model: Stage ? STEPS: 1) The problem is continually redefined; countless ends-means and means-ends adjustments effectively make the problem more governable; Deal only with solvable problems and see problem-solving as ‘iterative’; 2) Define values and objectives in light of experience; 3) Look after your part of the problem; let others look after other parts of it; apply ‘feasibility’ as the most important decision criterion; Copyright ? 2011 SCUT