新概念第一册部分语法及相关练习题..docVIP

新概念第一册部分语法 1. 问句： 　　一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句 　　1） 一般疑问句： 助动词/be动词+主语 　　Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea? 　　2） 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 　　What is your name? 　　3） 选择疑问句： or 　　Do you want beef or lamb? 　　4） 反意疑问句： 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分， 否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分 　　You don’t need that pen, do you? 　　5） 否定疑问句： 一般疑问句+否定词 　　Aren’t you lucky? Don’t you want have a rest? 2. 现在完成时 　　1）构成：主语+助动词have, has+过去分词 　　2）用法：①表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用 　　I have just had lunch. （饱了，不用再吃了） 　　He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝） 　　They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了） 　　The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了） 　　②询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时： 　 Have you finished your homework?///Have you been to Beijing?///Have he seen the film? 　　③表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 　　I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.///I have worked for this school for 1 year. 　　④表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情 I have never had a bath.///I have never seen a film. I have never been to cinema. ///I have ever been to Paris. 　 注：Have been to表示去过，have gone to 表示去了 　　I have been to London.（人已经回来）//////He has gone to London.（人还在那里） 　　⑤表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用 I have lost my pen.///I have hurt myself. He has become a teacher.///She has broken my heart. 　　3）句型变化： 　　★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not. 　　 e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. 　　★肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, I have. No, I have not. 　　★特殊疑问句：What have you done? /// What has he done? 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 3. 过去完成时： 1）用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。 　　2）结构：had+过去分词 　　After she had finished her homework, she went shopping. 　　They had sold the car before I asked the price. 　　The train had left before I arrived at the station. 　　After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。 3）句型变化： ①变疑问句将助动词移到句首：Had she finished her homework? 　　②变否定句在助动词后面加not：She hadn’t finished her homework. 　　③肯定回答及否定回答：Yes, she had. No, she hadn’t. 　　④特殊疑问句：What had she done? 4 情态动词的使用：can, must, may, might, need, 　　1）情态动词can（能够）， must（必须）， may（可以） 　　结构：主语+can