生物分离工程概述 第一章.ppt

5. The recovery and the purification processes must be well conceived and well designed. （必须仔细考虑和设计产品的回收和纯化过程） 6. We have found that our own designs have been improved by answering the following questions: （设计中应考虑下列问题） What is the value of the product? （产品价值） What is an acceptable product quality? (产品质量） Where is the product in each process stream? （产物在生产过程中出现的位置） Where are the impurities in each process stream?（杂质在生产过程中出现的位置） What are the unusual physicochemical properties of the product and the principal impurities? （主要杂质独特的物化性质是什么？） What are the economics of various alternative separations? （不同分离方法的技术经济比较） Careful consideration of these questions can provide clues that will lead to optimal processes for the recovery of products of adequate quality coupled with high recovery and minimum effort. （上述问题的考虑将有助于优质、高效产物分离过程的优化） 四. An idealized process（理想化过程） The tremendous diversity of products and separations in biotechnology obscures and overall similarity between many of the processes which are used. （生物分离具有许多相似的单元操作） From bioprocessing experience, most bioseparations have four similar steps: （生物分离一般分四步） A. Removal of insolubles (3 unit operations) （不溶物的去除） *filtration（过滤） *centrifugation（离心） *cell disruption (necessary when the desired product is intracellular.)（细胞破碎） Relatively little product concentration or improvement of product quality occurs. （产物浓度和质量得到了提高） B. Isolation of products（产物分离） *adsorption-ion-exchange（离子交换吸附） * extraction（萃取） a. solvent extraction（溶剂萃取） b. reversed micelle extraction（反微团萃取） c. supercritical fluid extraction（超临界流体萃取） d. two-aqueous phase extraction（双水相萃取） These steps, which are relatively nonspecific, remove materials of widely divergent properties compared to the desired product. （以上分离过程不具备特异性，只是进行初分） Appreciable concentration and product quality increases usually occur. （可提高产物浓度和质量） C. Purification of products（产品的纯化）