International law的课文及翻译.docVIP

International law的课文及翻译 1、介绍：国际法是各国认为对其自身的约束。因此，期望并通过常为各国在与他国相互关系中所遵守的行为的原则和规则。国际法是国家之间（国际共同体）的法律。 INTRODUCTION International Law, principles and rules of conduct that nations regard as binding upon them and, therefore, are expected to and usually do observe in their relations with one another. International law is the law of the international community 2、古代历史：当各个独立国家进入到相互交往状况，产生了制定这些国家间的某些行为原则和规则的需要，支配着外国商人、游人、大使以及条约的缔结和遵守的规则。在人类社会早期逐渐发展，已知的最早的条约，设立于大约公元前8100年，保存在一个石制纪念碑的碑文中，是一个在两个苏美尔的城邦之间的和平条约。在公元前第二个千年期间，由古中东帝国地界的大量的条约揭示了国际法最初的观念。后来的古犹太，古希腊，古罗马发展了国际法的宗旨，犹太法阐述的申命记的书的内容里，包含著名的减缓战争的规定，禁止对妇女和儿童的杀戮。希腊城邦创制了对其城邦间关系的许多方面起支配作用的周详的条约体系。奥运会的举办，宗教圣所的保护，如泰尔飞神庙，也是在这些希腊条约的某些主体之中。 The need for some principles and rules of conduct between independent states arises whenever such states enter into mutual relations. Rules governing the treatment of foreign traders, travelers, and ambassadors, as well as the conclusion and observance of treaties, developed early in human history. The oldest known treaty, preserved in an inscription on a stone monument, is a peace treaty between two Sumerian city-states, dating from about 3100 BC. A considerable number of treaties concluded by the empires of the ancient Middle East during the 2nd millennium BC show rudimentary notions of international law. In later antiquity the Jews, Greeks, and Romans developed tenets of international law. Jewish law as set forth in the Book of Deuteronomy contains prescriptions for the mitigation of warfare, notably prohibitions against the killing of women and children. The Greek city-states created an elaborate treaty system governing a multitude of aspects of the relations among themselves. The conduct of the Olympic Games and the protection of religious sanctuaries, such as the Temple of Delphi, were among the subjects of some of these inter-Greek treaties. 与其他古代民族相比，古罗马人对国际法的发展进步作出了重大的贡献，他们提出了万民法的思想（万民法总体上规定了外国人待遇，依照罗马规则以及罗马公民与外国人的关系），他们最早认识到原则上国家有抑制发动没有正义理由的战争的责任以及有责任制造正义战争的思想。 Even more than othe