第五章 恒星光谱13.ppt

第一章 电磁现象的基本规律 §5.1 介绍 §5.1 介绍 The Effect of Surface Gravity on the COG for Weak Lines Both the ionization equilibrium and the opacity depend on surface gravity For neutral lines of ionized species (e.g. Fe I in the Sun) these effects cancel, so the COG is independent of gravity For ionized lines of ionized species (e.g Fe II in the Sun), the curves shift to the right with increasing gravity, roughly as g1/3 Effect of Pressure on the COG for Strong Lines The higher the damping constant, the stronger the lines get at the same abundance. The damping parts of the COG will look different for different lines The Effect of Microturbulence The observed equivalent widths of saturated lines are greater than predicted by models using just thermal and damping broadening. Microturbulence is defined as an isotropic, Gaussian velocity distribution x in km/sec. It is an ad hoc free parameter in the analysis, with values typically between 0.5 and 5 km/sec Lower luminosity stars generally have lower values of microturbulence. The microturbulence is determined as the value of x that makes the abundance independent of line strength. Microturbulence in the COG 连续不透明度 如果假定谱线形成发生于LTE区的等温层中，则S-S和M-E近似模型都得到了下述近似关系式： 第r次电离级、第s能态的原子数由Saha方程给出： §5.4 恒星丰度——生长曲线方法 §5.4 恒星丰度——生长曲线方法 1.824673 其中， 为第r电离级的原子总数， 为 s能级的统计权重， 为配分函数， 为第s能级的激发电势。 的改变与 的改变等效； 对一给定恒星，相同种类的谱线（具相同的C，如多重线）的生长曲线的横坐标可替换为 ； 一条谱线的生长曲线可“归算”，为其他谱线的相同种类的谱线所用。 §5.4 恒星丰度——生长曲线方法 Traditionally, curves of growth are described in three sections The linear part: The width is set by the thermal width Eqw is proportional to abundance The “flat” part: The central depth approaches its maximum value Line strength grows asymptotically towards a constant value The “damping” part: Line width and strength depends on the damping constant The line opacity in the wings is significant compared to kn Line strength depends (approximately) on the square root of the abundance §5.4 恒星丰度——生长曲线方法 §5.4 恒星丰度—