非谓语动词的句法功能及比较技巧.doc

非谓语动词的句法功能及比较 一、作主语（现在分词和过去分词不能作主语） 1.不定式与动名词作主语，在表示抽象概念时两者往往可以互换。 To study hard (Studying hard) is our task. It is not easy to master English. It is not easy to mastering English. ◆表示比较具体的动作或某一特定的动作或将来的动作多用不定式。 It is necessary to read it many times. To finish the task within two weeks is very difficult. ◆主语是不定式，表语一般也要用不定式，动名词的情况也是如此。 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. 2.在下列结构中常用动名词（往往表示比较抽象的动作） It is no use doing sth. It is no good doing sth. It is (a) waste of time/money doing sth. There + be + no + doing have trouble/problem/difficulty (in) doing spend time/money (in) doing have a good/hard time in doing sth. have fun in doing sth. There is no joking about such matters. There is no denying the fact that the new method is much better. 二、作宾语（现在分词和过去分词不能作宾语） 1.英语中有个别动词后面带不定式和动名词作宾语意义上无很大的区别。这样的动词有：like, love, prefer, start, begin, continue, hate, intend （+ to do或doing）等。 ◆不定式与动名词在某些动词后作宾语表示比较抽象的动作。 Do you like playing (to play) chess? He loves singing (to sing). ◆表示具体的动作或特定的动作或将来的动作一般用不定式。 Do you like to play chess with Uncle Wang? He loves to sing in public. I like finishing, but I don’t like to fish today. ◆有些不能用于进行时态的尤其是表示人的心理变化的动词（see, believe, lose, understand, realize等）作宾语，多用不定式。 Finally we began to realize/see the importance of the meeting. He hates to lose such a good chance. 2.在某些动词后不定式作宾语和动名词作宾语意义不同： ① remember to do sth. 记得去做… remember doing sth./having done sth. 记得做过… Did you remember to telephone her when you were there? I remember seeing/having seen you somewhere before. ② forget to do sth. 忘记要做… forget doing sth./having done sth. 忘记做过… Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave. He forgot promising to help me. ③ regret doing sth./having done sth. 后悔做… Regret to say/tell/inform… 遗憾… I regret telling/having told you the secret. I regret to tell you that you are dismissed. ④ stop to do sth. 停止做某事（去做另外一件事） stop