重复句翻译.ppt

Repetition 吴宜涛 2011/5 Contents 英语中避免重复手段 英译汉中重复翻译法的应用 汉译英中如何避免重复 Grammatically or rhetorically speaking, repetition of the same word, same expression and even the same structure in a sentence or a passage is more natural and idiomatic and thus much more frequent in Chinese than in English, though rhetorical or significant repetition can also be found in English. Generally what is repeated in Chinese may in many cases be substituted(替代), varied(变换) or omitted(省略) in English. 下面是英语中常见的避免使用重复的手段，与之相对应的汉语译文则很多时候需要使用重复。 一是使用代词（人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、关系代词等）。 I met John on the street yesterday. He was walking beside his sister. They were going to see a film. 二是使用上义词、同义词等来替换上文中已经出现的某个词语，以避免重复。这些上义词是一些具有概括意义、表示人和事物范畴的词汇，如man, woman, people, person, child, thing, object, flower, machine, medicine, animal等等。 The monkey’s most extraordinary feat was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine, this remarkable animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed. 那只猴子最拿手的本领就是学会了开拖拉机。九岁时，这只了不起的动物就已经学会了用一只手驾驶这种工具。 三是使用替代法，即使用替代词语或替代句型来回避重复。英语中为避免重复而通常使用的替代词有one, ones, that, those, it, the same (thing), so, such, there, then, likewise, identical, different, etc. What kind of textbooks do you want? The ones with illustrations or the ones without? 你需要什么样的课本？是要有插图的呢还是要没有插图的？ 最常见的替代如：“主语+do”和“主语+动词（如appear, hope, think, believe, suppose等）+so” ——He will come tomorrow. 他明天来。 ——I hope so. 我希望如此。 其他类型的替代如： He might be wrong. If not, why was he in such low spirits? 英语中，用省略法来回避重复是常见的手段。用省略法回避重复有以下几种情况。 一是省略中心名词。 ——I like strong tea. ——I suppose weak is better for you. 二是省略核心动词。 We won’t retreat; we never have and never will. 三是省略动词不定式。 ——Would you like to go with me？ ——Yes, I’d like to. 在英语中，对于某些由动词、名词或形容词加介词构成的搭配，可以通过保留介词而省略其前面的动词、名词或形容词的方式来避免重复。 Discipline is indispensable to victory in war, to success in our work, and indeed, to the realization of our lofty goal. 纪律对于战争取得胜利必不可少，对于工作取得成功必不可少，对于实现我们的崇高目标必不可少。 They continue t