呼吸系统2010课件.pptVIP

肺泡上皮 I型肺泡细胞 II型肺泡细胞 毛细血管 I型、II型肺泡细胞 （2）肺泡隔（alveolar septum） ：肺泡间结缔组织 大量弹性纤维和网状纤维： 维持肺泡形状，有利肺泡回缩 丰富的毛细血管：利于气体交换 尘细胞(dust cell)：吞噬，防御 （3）肺泡孔(alveolar pore)：肺泡隔上的小孔，建立侧支通气，平衡气压 心衰细胞 （heart failure cell） 肺泡隔-弹性纤维 尘细胞 心衰细胞 ⑷ 气-血屏障 (blood-air barrier ) 肺内气体与血液内气体进行气体分子交换所通过的结构。 肺泡表面液体层（PS）、 Ⅰ型肺泡细胞和基膜、 薄层结缔组织、 毛细血管内皮和基膜。 （五）肺的血液循环 肺有两组血液循环管道：肺循环、支气管循环 1．肺循环 功能性循环 2．支气管循环 营养性循环 肺动脉 肺泡隔毛细血管 小静脉 肺静脉 支气管动脉 毛细血管网 支气管静脉 进入支气管管壁 气体交换 与支气管伴行 Introduction Components of RS The lungs and a system of tubes. Link the sites of gas exchange with the external environment. Conducting portion Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchial tree. Structure: A combination of cartilage, elastic and collagen fibers, and smooth muscle cells. Lined by Respiratory epithelium. Function: Provide a conduit and condition the inspired air. Respiratory portion Respiratory bronchioles, Alveolar ducts, Alveolar sac Structure: containing Alveoli. Function: The gas exchange. Respiratory epithelium Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epi. It contains 5 cell types: 1. Ciliated columnar cells 2. Goblet cells 3. Brush cells 4. Basal cells 5. Small granule cells 1 2 3 4 5 Olfactory mucosa Olfactory epithelium: Pseudostratified columnar epi. There are 3 cell types: supporting cells, basal cells, olfactory cells. Lamina propria: CT and Bowman’s glands Olfactory cells: Bipolar neurons. A central part with a rounded nucleus and 2 projections. Distal projection (dendrite) ends rod with long, non motile cilia, which can respond to odoriferous. Proximal process (axon) form a bundle of nerve. Bowman’s glands: Secretion to form a fluid environment around the olfactory cilia. Clear cilia and facilitate the access of new odoriferous substance. General structure of the lungs Stroma: CT (BV, LV, N) and the Capsule is visceral layer of pleura Parenchyma: bronchial tree and alveoli Lungs In