词汇 - 1. 常用构词法.pptx

常见的英语构词法1. Affixation 词缀 2. Compounding 合成3. Conversion 词性转换4. Acronym 首字母缩写 5. Clipping 剪切6. Blending 混合7. Onomatopoeia 拟声 8. Words from other languages 外来语9. Adding new meaning 加入新的意思1. Affixation 词缀 affix 固定, 加上 v, “fasten to, attach”单词一般由词根加上前缀和后缀构成词根etymon “primitive word”，一个单词或词素，能够衍生或推导出其他单词前缀, prefix (pre, “fix in front”), 一般引起意思上的变化 understand v - misunderstand v large adj - enlarge v 后缀, suffix (suf - sub, “to put under”), 一般引起词性上的变化humor n - humorous adjreal adj - realize v2. Compounding 合成 compound adj/n/vcom/con/col/co “together, in common”compounding = com + pound (pose) “to place” college, colleague, community = com + unity由两个或两个以上的单词组成新的单词father-in-lawsunflowerbestmanironman3. Conversion 词性转化convert, con “together” + vert “to turn, bend”由一种词性转化为另一种词性list n. 清单 - v. 列出look v. 看 - that look n. 那表情empty adj. 空的 - to empty the basket v. 清空篮子stop v. 停止 - n.车站(halt?abrupt, pause, cease end, abort, suspend for a while and continue)4. Acronym 缩写acro, Greek “extreme”, macroETA: Estimated Time of Arrival 预计抵达时间KIA: Killed in Action 阵亡WHO: World Health Organization 世界卫生组织FDA: Food and Drug Administration 食品药品管理局CEO: Chief Executive Officer 首席执行官(execute, implement)5. Clipping 剪切法从某个词中截取一段音节lab: laboratory (labor “to work”) 实验室auto: automobile 汽车(Greek “ones own, by oneself,” auto-control)ad: advertisement 广告 (toward + turn)info. = information (inform)prep. = prepare6. Blending 混合法smog 烟雾 = smoke + fogmotel 汽车旅馆 = motor + hotel Brunch 早午饭 = breakfast + lunchobamacare 奥巴马医改 = Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act7. Onomatopoeia 拟声法onoma Greek “name” + poeia / poet “compose, make”bomb 炸弹 yummy 好吃beat 打败，拍打Mumbo jumbo 胡言乱语idol 偶像，崇拜物，雕像bomber 轰炸机 tasty 美味的 (taste v)Logic 逻辑hysteria 歇斯底里 8. Words from other languages 外来语汉语：dim sum 点心kung fu 功夫kung pao chicken宫保鸡丁日语：samurai 武士karaoke 卡拉OKsushi 寿司tsunami 海啸shinobi 忍者ninja法语：salon 沙龙 　naive 天真的souvenir 纪念品fiance 未婚夫9. Adding new meaning 加入新的意思turn on 使兴奋apple-pie 美式的pot 大麻 (soft drug)hot 热的hawk 鹰派country