词汇前缀和后缀.pptx

Prefix“pre- ”word-forming element meaning before, from Old French pre- and Medieval Latin pre-, both from Latin prae (adverb and preposition) before in time or place, from PIE *peri- (source also of Oscan prai, Umbrian pre, Sanskrit pare thereupon, Greek parai at, Gaulish are- at, before, Lithuanian pre at, Old Church Slavonic pri at, Gothic faura, Old English fore before), extended form of root *per- (1) beyond, forward, through (see per). The Latin word was active in forming verbs. Also see prae-. Sometimes in Middle English muddled with words in pro- or per-“pro- ”word-forming element meaning forward, forth, toward the front (as in proclaim, proceed); beforehand, in advance (prohibit, provide); taking care of (procure); in place of, on behalf of (proconsul, pronoun); from Latin pro on behalf of, in place of, before, for, in exchange for, just as, which also was used as a prefix. Also in some cases from cognate Greek pro before, in front of, sooner, which also was used in Greek as a prefix (as in problem). Both the Latin and Greek words are from PIE *pro- (cognates: Sanskrit pra- before, forward, forth; Gothic faura before, Old English fore before, for, on account of, fram forward, from; Old Irish roar enough), extended form of root *per- (1) forward, through (see per). The common modern sense in favor of, favoring (pro-independence, pro-fluoridation, pro-Soviet, etc.) was not in classical Latin and is attested in English from early 19c.“per- ”word-forming element meaning through, throughout; thoroughly; entirely, utterly, from Latin preposition per (see per (prep.)).per (prep.)1580s (earlier in various Latin and French phrases), from Latin per through, during, by means of, on account of, as in, from PIE root *per- (1) Base of prepositions and preverbs with the basic meanings of forward, through, and a wide range of extended senses such as in front of, before, early, first, chief, toward, against, near, at, around [Watkins]. Cognates: Sanskrit pari- around, about,