(考试作文开头和结尾的方法与句型荟萃2.docVIP

考试作文开头和结尾的方法与句型荟萃 广东省学位英语网文字大小:[大][中][小] ---广东省语言音像电子出版社） 段落的组织手段有按时间、空间、结构、逻辑、过程的次序进行表达的顺序手法，也有运用举例、比较和对照、下定义、归纳、因果、推理、驳论等的表达手法。不管运用何种手法，段落必须服从表达主题的需要，通过摆事实、讲道理、举例子和提供有关数据信息的方法，透彻阐述，清晰地向读者展现你所叙述的一件事、一个人，解释的一个现象或一个道理，讲解的一个过程，或表达的一种看法或信念等。如： ①导入Ladies and gentlemen，①I’m very glad to②主题句welcome you all to our factory.②First of all，I③事实wish to say a few words about our factory.③It④举例was set up in October，1986.④We spent onlyfourteen months in finishing building our factory.⑤事实⑤There are five workshops in our factory and 1 250 workers here，most of whom are young⑥事实举例people.⑥More than 400 workers have had some college education and more than 800 workers have⑦事实had middle school education.⑦Our factory⑧事实mainly produces fertilizers（肥料）．⑧In the past few years our factory has advanced rapidly.⑨⑨事实Now we have raised our output of fertilizers to more than 400 thousand tons a year.⑩The totaloutput value of our factory added up to 100⑩结尾句million yuan last year. Thats all. Thank you. 本段的工厂介绍用了具体的材料作事实，详细的数据举例，避免了空洞的形容词和大量的个人观点和感情流露。这种以事实（数据、时间、结果等）为组织段落写作的手段使听者很容易就可以清楚了解事和人。 段落的组织手段常用以下几种方法： 3-4-1 例证法 例证法是通过用主题句对该段落的中心思想进行总的阐述，然后通过用典型、生动、有说服力的客观事实来支持主题句的观点，使其得到完美充分表达的一种段落展开方式。 【例5】One main reason for war is a difference in ideology. For example, nations have engaged in struggle over the merits of communist and capitalist systems of government. They frequently aid other countries in wars in order to topple governments that do not agree with their principles. 【点评】这段文章第一句为主题句，即战争的一个主要原因是意识形态的不同。然后通过For example这个最常用的例证过渡词引出了一个例子，即许多国家对共产主义与资本主义政治制度的观点不同，资本主义国家往往会支持那些旨在推翻共产主义国家的战争，反之亦然。 3-4-2 因果法 因果法主要是用来探索事物间因果关系的一种段落发展方式。作者通过客观、正确的推理，分析事物发生的原因及产生的结果来阐述主题句、展开段落，使段落合乎逻辑，使主题句的支配思想令人信服。 【例6】Cigarette smoke contains nicotine(因), several cancer produing or irritating substances and carbon monoxide gas. (结果1) Damage to the lining of the bronchial tubes is much more common among cigarette smokers than non-smokers, even when there is no obvious disease. Some of these changes are