眼科学基础课程.pptVIP

Introduction Ophthalmology is a special medical science, a branch of clinical medicine,which deals with research for development,treatment and prevention of the disorders of visual organs. Ocular disease have close relation to systemic ones. Learning Ophthalmology and understanding its development and present state are helpful to eatabilish foundations of clinic,teaching and science research. 第一节 眼的组织解剖 anatomy of eyeball 眼球 The globe (eyeball) anterior and posterior distance of normal eyeball is 16mm in born. At age 3 23mm. At adult 24mm. The vetical one is average23mm，the horizontal one is average 23.5mm in normal adult. The anterior pole of the globe,protruded about 12-14mm bryond the prbital rim. The difference of the two eyes is usually less than 2mm.It is easy to be injuried,especially in its external part,the anterior part of the globe is protected by the eyelids. The globe is composed of the eyecoats,the contents. The eyecoat is mainly divided into three layers. Outer layer Cornea Sclera Middle layer Iris Ciliary body Choroid Inner layer Retina 外层 The outer coat The outer coat consists of the cornea and the sclera. The anterior one sixth is transparent cornea,other five sixths is white sclera. The transitional srea of both is the limbus. The function is to maintain the shape of the globe and to protect inteaocular tissue. （1）角膜 Cornea 横径The horizontal diameter is 11.5-12mm 垂直径The vertical diameter is 10.5-11mm 中央部 The central thickness 0.6mm 周边部 The periphery thickness 1mm 前表面曲率半径 The radius of cornea curvature in front 7.8mm 后表面曲率半径 The radius of cornea curvature in back 6.8mm Its refractive power is equal to that of +43 diopter lens 组织学分层 from anterior to posterior,the cornea has five distinct layers: ①上皮细胞层 Epithelium ②前弹力层 Bowman’s membrane ③基质层 Stroma ④后弹力层 Descemet’s membrane ⑤内皮细胞层 Endothelium EpitheliumBasement layerBowman’s membraneStromaDes