中国对外贸易顺差问题研究..docVIP

摘? 要 改革开放以来，中国对外贸易差额由逆转顺，近年来更是持续增长。对外贸易顺差及由此引发的贸易摩擦和人民币汇率问题成为中国经济发展中的热点问题，对中国经济和世界经济产生了重要影响，引起了国内外政府和社会各界的高度重视。 本文从资源价格、环境成本、产业群体、国家贸易政策、居民储蓄率、加工贸易的特点等六个方面分析了我国外贸顺差产生的原因，阐述了外贸顺差对我国外贸的影响，提出了减少中国对外贸易顺差的对策和建议，这其中包括外汇储备政策的调整和财政政策的调整，同时还就中国目前的对外贸易形势下，采取这些对策的具体方法和必要性进行了分析，为切实的解决中国对外贸易中存在的问题提供了真实可行的方法。 关键词： 贸易顺差； 货币政策； 外汇储备  Abstract In this paper, continuing our current trade surplus of the current situation, revealing the many years of accumulated surplus generated by positive and negative effects, especially the impact on monetary policy effectiveness. Chinas trade surplus in promoting the surge, high-speed growth, the GDP of Chinas macroeconomic stability operation posed a challenge. Analysis of the foreign trade surplus because of the existence of necessity, put forward policy proposals to ease trade surplus: the system of foreign exchange reserves, the use of tax lever open to adjust strategy to expand domestic demand and so on. In recent years, the United States repeatedly asked China to revalue its currency, the yuan, to solve the trade imbalance. Balance of RMB exchange rate is objective existence, but due to the complexity of the real economy, no one can accurately calculate the equilibrium exchange rate of foreign trade surplus, this paper discusses the essence of social work is to save the basis of RMB exchange rate changes that has little effect on Chinas trade surplus with the United States, and the motivation to revalue the renminbi, this rationally proposed to promote the development of foreign trade in China countermeasures and Suggestions. Key words： Trade surplus; Monetary policy; Foreign exchange reserves 引 言 在当今世界，没有一个国家能够在与他国完全隔绝的状态下生存。特别是在全球经济一体化的浪潮下，任何国家都不可能脱离世界而独立发展。一国经济社会发展的各个领域和层面，都与其外部经济密切相关。而对外贸易是联系各国经济交往的纽带，是促进经济增长的要素。在经济生活国际化趋势不断加强的今天，对外贸易的重要性日益增强。它是一国参与国际经济合作与竞争的重要方式和渠道，是对外开放的核心内容。它不仅在实物形态上满足扩大再生产比例关系的需要，而且利用国内价值与国际价值的比较差异，节约社会劳动，提高劳动生产率，增加价值量。 自从1992年的市场化改革以来，中国在相当长的时间内保持着贸易顺差。外汇储备由1992年的210亿美元（当年G