201313-复合数据类型.pptVIP

类似于高级语言中的结构体类型，处理表中的单行多列数据。 * * The %TYPE Attribute When you declare PL/SQL variables to hold column values, you must ensure that the variable is of the correct datatype and precision. If it is not, a PL/SQL error will occur during execution. Rather than hard coding the datatype and precision of a variable, you can use the %TYPE attribute to declare a variable according to another previously declared variable or database column. The %TYPE attribute is most often used when the value stored in the variable will be derived from a table in the database or if the variable is destined to be written out to it. To use the attribute in place of the datatype required in the variable declaration, prefix it with the database table and column name. If referring to a previously declared variable, prefix the variable name to the attribute. PL/SQL determines the datatype and size of the variable when the block is compiled, so it is always compatible with the column used to populate it. This is a definite advantage for writing and maintaining code, because there is no need to be concerned with column datatype changes made at the database level. You can also declare a variable according to another previously declared variable by prefixing the variable name to the attribute. Class Management Note The %TYPE attribute has some overhead, in that a SELECT statement is issued against the database to obtain the datatype. If the PL/SQL code is in a client tool, the SELECT must be executed each time the block is executed. If the PL/SQL code is a stored procedure, the column or definition is stored as part of the P-code. However, if the table definition changes, a recompile is forced. * 定义并声明一个 PL/SQL 记录 创建一个记录,需先用RECORD 定义这个复合数据类型，然后再声明这个类型的记录。 在语法中： type_name RECORD 类型的名字 (该标识符用来声明记录）。 field_name 记录内字段的名字。 field_type 字段的数据类型 (除了 REF CURSOR 外，可以是任何一个PL/SQL 数据类型。可以使 用%TYPE 和 %ROWTYPE 属性。) expr 可以是 field_type 或 一个初始值。 NOT NULL 用来限定这些字段值不能赋空值，必须对字段初始化后才能用NOT NULL 来限定的字段。