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Pthreads, Locks, Semaphores CS 241 Systems Programming Discussion Week 3 Week 3. Discussion Quiz MP1 Please log in to compass! Password = pop Outline pthreads Thread Safety Synchronization Mutex locks Semaphores Thread Entry Points A function that is used to start a thread must have a special format. void* threadfunction(void* arg); void* - can be a pointer to anything Use a pointer to a struct to effectually pass any number of parameters. Return any data structure too. POSIX Thread Functions Most POSIX functions return 0 on success and a nonzero error code on failure. Not pthread functions!! errno not set returns value errno would have /doc/linux/man/man3/pthread_create.3.html Creating a thread Joining Threads Suspends caller until specified thread exits Similar to waitpid for processes Good practice – call pthread_detach or pthread_join for every thread pthread_join gets value passed to pthread_exit by terminating thread Detaching Threads Detach a thread to make it release its resources upon exiting Detached thread cannot be joined. Example 12.5 Exiting and Cancelling Process all threads terminate when: The process or any thread calls exit The process executes return from main It receives a signal To exit a single thread: void pthread_exit(void *value_ptr); Main thread should block (join) or call pthread_exit(NULL) to wait for all threads Threads can request another thread to be cancelled by: void pthread_cancel(pthread_t thread); Table 12.1 Thread Memory Safety Bad int count = 0; void* a = malloc(4000); while (waiting for connections) { *a = connection specific information pthread_create(tid, NULL, threadfun, a); count++; } Shared Variables int globalvar; static int globalstaticvar; void* func(void* a) { int i, j; int localvar = 0; static int localstaticvar = 0; int temp[4]; for (i = 0; i 10000; i++) { temp[0] = localvar; temp[1] = localstaticvar; temp[2] = globalvar; temp[3] = glo