会计英语课件1..docVIP

Unit 2 accounting cycle Accounting Equation and Double Entry 会计等式与复式记账法 会计英语The financial condition or position of a business enterprise is represented by the relationship of assets to liabilities and capital. 一个企业的财务是由资产对负债和资本的关系来表示的。 Assets are properties that are owned and have monetary value; for instance, cash, inventory, buildings, equipments. 资产是指企业所拥有的、具有货币价值的财产，如现金、存货、建筑物、设备。 Liabilities are amounts owned to outsiders, such as notes payable, accounts payable, bonds payable. Liabilities may also include certain deferred items, such as income taxes to be allocated. 负债是欠外部的数额，如应付票据、应付账款、应付债券。负债还可以包括某些递延的项目，如待分 配的所得税。 Capital is the interest of the owner in an enterprise. Also known as owner’s equity. 资本是企业所有者的利益，也称之为业主权益。 These three basic elements are connected by fundamental relationship called balance-sheet equation, sometimes called simply the accounting equation. This equation expresses the equality of the assets on one side with the claims of the creditors and owners on the other side: Assets = Liability + Capital. 这三个基本的要素由一个叫做资产负债表等式、有时称之为会计等式的关系式联系起来。这个等式表 示的是：一边的资产与另一边的负责和所有者权益的平衡关系，即： 资产=负债+资本 According to the accounting equation, a firm is assumed to possess its assets subject to the rights of the creditors and owners. 根据会计等式，一个公司所拥有的资产应该等于债权人和所有者对企业的索取权总值。 The equilibrium which the bookkeeping record achieves through the accounting equation is an essential feature of double entry. The creation of assets within an enterprise is always accompanied by the incurring of identical financial obligations, either to the properties of the enterprise (owner’s equity) or to outside creditors (liabilities). The derivation of profit is always accompa- nied by an identical increase in the net assets (i.e. assets minus liabilities) of the enterprise. It is now possible to see how double-entry bookkeeping produces this equilibrium of results by ensuring that the equation holds well at all times. 簿记记录通过运用会计等式所达到的平衡关系是复式记账的一个重要特点。一个公司资产的形成总伴 随着同样数额的财务责任的出现，不