高中语法---非谓语动词总结.pptVIP

一、动词不定式to do 1.作主语：一般表示具体某一次的动作。常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式放在句末，以使句子保持平衡。 Eg:① To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. ②It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. ③It means failure to lose your heart. ▲常用句式有： 1、It + be+名词+to do. 2、It takes sb. +some time + to do. 3、It + be +形容词+for sb. + to do. 4、It+ be +形容词+of sb. +to do. 常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。 Eg: ① He wishes to go abroad to have a further study. ②We have decided to give them a hand. ③I want to watch TV. 注意：不定式作动词（短语）learn， decide， know，wonder，show，tell，understand，explain，teach，advise，find out等词的宾语时，前面常带引导词how，what，whether， where， when， who等。 Eg：①Peter can show you how to turn an idea into an act. ②I don’t know what to do. 注意：此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语须与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。 Eg：①I wonder how he solved the problem. ②I don’t know whether the guest will come tonight. ★ 此外，还有一些动词（短语）即可以接动词不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语，但表示含义不同。 4.作定语 （1）不定式作定语表示将来的动作。 Eg：①I have a lot of things to do. ②The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important. （2）不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。若作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或者代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后需要加相应的介词。 Eg：①I’m not sure which restaurant to eat at. ②I have no room to live in. ③He has no pen to write with. （3）不定式用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。 Eg：①I was the first woman to travel alone at the North pole. ②Shanghai is the first city in the world to have built a high-speed maglev train. （4）被修饰词是抽象名词，常用不定式作定语。常见的该类名词有：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。 Eg：①I have no chance to go sightseeing.（外出观光） ②The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.（表达观点的能力与观点本身同等重要。） 注意：不定式作定语时，若句子的主语是不定式动作的执行者，则用主动形式表被动含义；若不是，则用被动形式表被动含义。 Eg： ① She has a sister to look after.（she是look after 的执行者） ②I want to go to Beijing. Do you have anything to be bought? （you不是buy的执行者） 5 To do 作状语　 （1）作目的状语：意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as,但是so as to 不能用于句首。