[考点梳理]虚拟语气冲刺三步曲.doc

虚拟语气冲刺三步曲 根据多年学习、教学和复习的经验，我把虚拟语气复习应试的策略归纳为以下三步。你们通过这三步，即“自主学习”、“合作学习”和 “检测评价”就会对虚拟语气的各种用法清清楚楚，运用自如。 一、虚拟语气的十种用法 —— 自主学习 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。为了帮助读者学习运用虚拟语气，提高综合运用英语的能力，笔者参照一些专著，整理归纳了虚拟语气在下面十种句式中的用法。 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句 虚拟条件句谓语动词构成形式： 条件状语从句 主句 与现在事实相反 If +主语+动词过去式 (be动词一律用were） 主语 + would/should + 动词原形 与过去事实相反 If+主语+动词过去完成式 主语 + would/should + have +过去分词 与将来事实相反 A 谓语动词用过去式 B 谓语用were to + 动词原形 C 动词用should + 动词原形 主语+would/should+动词原形 注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情态动词could，might等代替should, would。 1、表示与现在事实相反： lf l were you，l should study English． If he had time，he would attend the meeting． 2、表示与过去事实相反： If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. 3、表示与将来事实相反： If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting. if it were to／should rain tomorrow，the meeting would be put off． 4、当条件状语从句表示和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它们所表示的时间来调整。例如： If you had followed the doctors advice，you would be quite all right now. (从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在。) 5、以上句型可以转换成下列形式： 1)从句省略if用倒装句式“were／had／should主语”。例如： Were I in school again．1 would work harder. Had you been here earlier，you would have seen him. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come． 2)用介词短语代替条件状语从句。例如： Without air，there would be no living things． But for(要不是)the rain we should have a pleasant journey. (二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句 1、“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……”，“……就好了”，“悔不该……”，“但愿……”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示将来不能实现的愿望，用“would(could)+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，用“had+过去分词”或“(could)would + have + 过去分词。例如： I wish it were spring all the year round， I wish you could go with us． We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier． 2、虚拟语气在动词arrange，command，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，request，require，suggest，recommend等后面的宾语从句中，用“(should) + 动词原形”。例如： We suggested that we (should) have a meeting The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days． He demanded that we (should)start right away． 【易错