3-变质岩的基本特征课稿.ppt

Figure 23-11. Drawings of quartz-mica schists. a. Closer spacing of micas in the lower half causes quartz grains to passively elongate in order for quartz-quartz boundaries to meet mica (001) faces at 90o. From Shelley (1993). b. Layered rock in which the growth of quartz has been retarded by grain boundary “pinning” by finer micas in the upper layer. From Vernon, 1976) Metamorphic Processes: Reactions and Microstructure Development. Allen Unwin, London. a b In the field, ultramafic rocks are mostly seen in the basal sections of ophiolites and as exhumed pieces of the upper mantle. Heres a famous outcrop at Helgehornvatnet in Norway:  Grain boundary energy controls triple point angles Figure 23-10. a. Dihedral angle between two mineral types. When the A-A grain boundary energy is greater than for A-B, the angle ? will decrease (b) so as to increase the relative area of A-B boundaries. Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. c. Sketch of a plagioclase (light)-clinopyroxene (dark) hornfels showing lower dihedral angles in clinopyroxene at most cpx-plag-plag boundaries. (c. from Vernon, 1976) Metamorphic Processes: Reactions and Microstructure Development. Allen Unwin, London. c. * Crystalloblastic Series * Coronas and Reaction Rims * Helicitic folds in Si. b. Randomly oriented elongate crystals. c.?Polygonal arcs of straight crystal segments in a fold. d.?Chiastolite with central Si concordant with Se. e. Late, inclusion-free rim on a poikiloblast. The rim may be post-kinematic. f.?Random aggregate of grains of one mineral pseudomorphing a single crystal of another (chlorite after garnet). The chlorite is post-kinematic. * Si and Se for internal and external S in porphyroblasts Question as to whether porphyroblasts rotate or matrix rotates around them * Spiral Garnet in schist * An alternative interpretation in which shear is localized and progressively expands (white zones) Porphyroblasts do not rotate Note that