02.1密码技术基础(2013秋).ppt

* 第二讲 密码技术基础 孙建国 sunjianguo@hrbeu.edu.cn 计算机科学与技术学院 哈尔滨工程大学 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 提纲 1 密码学发展历史 2 基本概念 作业 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 提纲 1 密码学发展历史 2 基本概念 作业 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 密码学发展历史 密码学的起源可能要追溯到人类刚刚出现，并且尝试去学习如何通信的时候。 斯巴达人， Spartan Scytale。 Spartan Scytale Around 500 BC, Spartans have invented a device called Spartan Scytale. It was a kind of conical baton with some exact dimensions. To encrypt a message, the sender wound a belt of lether or parchment and write the message. The belt was then unwrapped and transported to the receiver. As no one knew the size of the conical baton, the message was hard to read. The receiver knew the dimensions, so when he used the right baton, the message could be decrypted. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 密码学发展历史 罗马军队，凯撒密码。 The Caesar cipher is named for Julius Caesar, who used an alphabet with a shift of three. the last dictator of Rome (100 BC - 44 BC) Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 凯撒密码（Caesar Cipher） 一种单表代替密码；一种加法密码。 课堂练习：字符串“Attack at six”用Caesar密码加密得到的密文是? 明文字符串：Attackatsix 密文字符串：dwwdndwvla m +3 mod 26 C a 0 3 d b 1 4 e c 2 5 f d 3 6 g 7 h e 4 f 5 8 i g 6 9 j h 7 10 k i 8 11 l j 9 12 m k 10 13 n l 11 14 o m 12 15 p n 13 16 q o 14 17 r p 15 18 s q 16 19 t r 17 20 u s 18 21 v t 19 22 w u 20 23 x v 21 24 y w 22 25 z x 23 0 a y 24 1 b z 25 2 c Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. * 密码学发展历史 1918年，20世纪最有影响的密码分析文章之一： William F. Friedman, The Index of Coincidence and Its Application in Cryptography.