MankiwEconomicsChap20中山大学吴柏林教授“曼昆·经济学原理”绝密资料.ppt

* 11 8 * * 13 9 * 14 8 * 15 10 * 16 11 * 17 12 * 18 12 * 20 13 * 21 14 * 22 14 * 23 15 * 24 15 * 27 17 * 28 17 * 29 18 * 30 18 * 31 19 * 32 19 * 33 20 * 36 22 * 37 23 Liberalism Public policy should be based on the maximin criterion, which seeks to maximize the utility or well-being of the worst-off person in society. That is, rather than maximizing the sum of everyone’s utility, one should maximize the minimum utility. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Libertarianism Libertarianism is the view that government should enforce individual rights to ensure that everyone has the same opportunity to use his or her talents to achieve success, but should not redistribute income. Libertarians argue that equality of opportunity is more important than equality of income. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Policies to Reduce Poverty Minimum-wage laws Welfare Negative income tax In-kind transfers Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Minimum-Wage Laws Advocates view the minimum wage as a way of helping the working poor. Critics view the minimum wage as hurting those it is intended to help. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Minimum-Wage Laws The magnitude of the effects of the minimum wage depends on the elasticity of the demand for labor. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Minimum-Wage Laws Advocates argue that the demand for unskilled labor is relatively inelastic, so that a high minimum wage depresses employment only slightly. Critics argue that labor demand is more elastic, especially in the long run when firms can adjust employment more fully. Evaluation only. Created with