现代大学词汇学概论总结.docVIP

Morpheme (词素) The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language ,not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms . 2. Allomorphs(词素变体)An allomorph is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds . 3. Compounding (复合词)Composition or compounding is a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit, a compound word. It is a common device which has been productive at every period of the English language. Today the largest number of new words are formed by compounding. 4．Derivation (词源)A.The definition of prefixation(前缀) Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Features: Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning. The majority of prefixes are characterized by their non-class-changing nature. Their chief function is to change meanings of the stems. B. The definition of suffixation(后缀) Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems. In other words, they mainly change the word class. However, they may also add attached meaning to the stem. 5. Conversion （转换） Conversion is a word-formation whereby a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another without the addition of an affix. It is also called zero derivation(零位派生). This is a method of turning words of one part of speech to those of a different part of speech. These words are new only in a grammatical sense. Since the words do not change in morphological structure but in function, this process is also known as functional shift. 6. Acronymy A. The definition of initialisms Initialisms（首字母连写法）: a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase; an initialism is pronounced letter by