COMP5116_Internet Protocol_Lecture notes_2012 Semester 2_week4.ppt

ping - ICMP echo request/reply ping program useful diagnostic tool, uses ICMP echo request/reply packets ping adds identifier/sequence number fields to echo/reply packets sequence # allows you to see if packets lost ping will also do roundtrip timing * ping example $ ping PING (): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from icmp_seq=0 time=8ms 64 bytes from icmp_seq=1 time=8ms 64 bytes from icmp_seq=2 time=20ms --- PING statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% loss round-trip (ms) min/avg/max = 8/12/20 (MS cmd = ping) * More ping So what do you learn? you can route to destination end system’s ip stack is working at least round trip time information are packets being lost (but doesn’t tell you why) Echo reply sent by end system’s ICMP, you don’t know if upper layers are working... * traceroute % traceroute traceroute (a command) allows you to determine the routers from one end to another Uses ICMP ttl exceeded and (UDP port unreachable or ICMP echo reply) messages (2 forms of implementation) (MS = tracert) * traceroute example % traceroute (from ) traceroute to (), 30 hops max ... 1. pdx-gwy () 3 ms 4 ms 3 ms 2. 8 (8) 7 ms 4 ms 8 ms 3. (93) 6 ms 5 ms 5 ms 4. (29) 8 ms 7 ms 7 ms 5. () 14 ms 7 ms 9 ms note: try from usyd to unsw or some other uni in the Sydney area. how many hops? how long? * traceroute algorithm (simplified) Set dest IP address, ttl = 1 (to 1st router) while we haven’t got (UDP port unreachable or ICMP echo reply), repeat 3 times send UDP / raw ip packet get response note roundtrip time print output ttl++ * Conclusion Subnetting and CIDR used to overcome IP address inflexibilities expands the number of useable addresses simplifies routing and forwarding ICMP a companion control protocol to IP Useful diagnostics are built using ICMP * Next Week Auto-configuration and Boot Protocols (BOOTP, DHCP) VPN NAT * * * COMP 5116Semester 2, 2012 Lecture 4 IP Addressing Extensions ICMP and Applications * Comer Readings Chapter 9 Subnetti