IGCSE Biology chapter9-respiration.ppt

Chapter 9 Respiration Every living cell needs energy. Our cells need energy for … Respiration releases energy from food. Glucose is the main nutrient used to provide energy in cell. Respiration ≠ breathing @ Two kinds of respiration: one needs oxygen, the other does not need oxygen. Aerobic respiration Oxygen is involved in aerobic respiration. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY It is a series of reactions controlled by enzymes. Anaerobic respiration Two ways of anaerobic respiration, which can be shown in that yeast and muscle do It is also a series of reactions controlled by enzymes. Anaerobic respiration in yeast: C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + less ENERGY Anaerobic respiration in muscle cell: C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + less ENERGY Anaerobic respiration in yeast How is the energy stored in food released? Two ways: By burning By respiration CO2 production in Germinating seed CO2 production in Germinating seed Alcoholic fermentation (酒精发酵) It is used widely in food industry and our daily life. Beer production Wine production Bread-making The lactic acid production The removal of lactic acid Lactic acid can be removed in mammals. It carried by the blood plasma to the liver where some of them are broken down to CO2 and water, and others are converted to glycogen. The oxygen needed to allow this removal of lactic acid is called the oxygen debt. The removal of lactic acid The removal of lactic acid The removal of lactic acid Gas exchange in humans 鼻咽喉结构 It is better to breathe through your nose. Nasal conchae (鼻甲)/ turbinal bones+ mucous membrane The structure of nasal conchae allows the air to become warm and moist. Goblet cells make mucus and water, which evaporates into the air in the nose and moistens it. Structure of the breathing system Lungs Alveoli Trachea Airway Trachea (气管); Bronchus (支气管) ; Bronchiole (细支气管); Alveolar duct (肺泡管); Alveoli (肺泡) Part of lining of the respiratory passages Ciliated epithelium Ciliated cell found in trachea and bro