Physiology of productive system.ppt

Female Reproductive System Physiology By: Dr Mahmoud Hassan El Bidawy M.D.Physiology, Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo University Anatomy of Essential female reproductive System functions: Functional Comparison Between Male Female reproductive systems The sperm, which can be an X or an Y chromosome sperm, decides the genetic sex or sex genotype . The genetic sex is independent of the ovum. If the ovum is fertilized by an X spermatozoa (22 + X-chromosomes) the offspring is XX, a female. If the ovum fertilizes by an Y spermatozoa (22 + Y-chromosomes) the offspring is XY, a male Sex differentiation: Definition: Embryonic development of the gonads + reproductive tract and external genitalia A-Presence of musculinizing factors=male reproductive system develop B-In absence of musculinizing factors=female system develops Sexual cycle in female Same as male sexual cycle (4 phases): Hormones roles in Female reproductive physiology: Feedback loops and targets organs in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. The hypothalamic GnRH secretion shows a cyclic variation in adult females of approximately 28 days, probably a genetic code imposed by the CNS. 1. ? Peaks of GnRH release reach the adenohypophysis through the portal system, and release both FSH and LH to reach the ovary via the systemic circulation . 2. ? FSH stimulates follicular growth, inhibin-release from stromal cells, and aromatase activity in the ovary. Aromatase converts androgens to oestrogens. 3. ? LH stimulates the ovarian androgen production. 4. ? Inhibin is the primary inhibitor of FSH release by blocking the effects of GnRH on the adenohypophysis. Dual interrelated ovarian functions: Menstruation (Menstrual cycle): The menarche is the age at the first menstrual bleeding. It often occurs between the 12th and the 14th year. A normal bleeding corresponds to a loss of up to 50 ml of whole blood. The mixture of vaginal fluid and menstrual blood pr