《2016人文关怀与护理.pptVIP

人文关怀与护理 护理教育部 冯金娥 fengje@ 教学目标 1 结合教学影片与实际讨论世界观与健康服务的关系 2结合教学影片与实际讨论整体人,整体护理的内含 3结合教学影片和实际讨论关护对护理专业的重要性以及临床中的关护行为 4 在临床护理实践中内化这些价值观与理念 世界观 世界观world outlook,world view是认识的思想基础又称宇宙观，是人对于世界（包括自然，社会和人的思维在内的）总的根本看法 世界观是方法论（包括认识）的思想基础，例如：唯物主义/唯心主义‘辨证法和形而上学（两种对立的世界观） 是社会存在的反映 每个人不论意识到与否，其实都采用一定的世界观，去观察和对待人生问题 在宏观方面，随着生产，科学和知识的发展；在微观方面，随着个体的身心发展和实践经验，人的世界观也会相应地发生变化 我们服务的对象是整体的人 Human are bio-psycho-social-spiritual human being 整体人是生理、心理、社会、精神的存在 Nursing is a human science 护理是人文学科 精神的需要 whatever the disturbance in physiological integrity ,it may trigger the vulnerability of the human spirit. 任何生理性整体的不平衡都将使人的精神容易受到损伤 In many case s it is the spirit of the patient that is in greatest need 在许多情况下，病人的精神需要是最大的需要 Spiritual vs. Psychological Dimensions精神和心理层面的不同 Psychological: human relationships on an immediate level (grief, loss, emotional and physical pain) 心理：中间层次上的关系（哀伤、失去、心理和生理上的疼痛） Spiritual: issues in life relating to ultimate meaning, values and relationships with a power higher than oneself 精神：生活的最终目标、价值以及与超越自我力量的关系 The definition of spirituality精神的定义 is defined as the manner by which persons seek meaning in their lives and experience transcendence---connectedness to that which is beyond the self. 精神定义为人们寻求生活意义,体验超越,体验与自我以外建立相联通的方式 whereas religion is best understood as adherence to an accepted formalized system of belief and practices. 宗教是可接受的,已形成的信仰和实践系统 2 components of spirituality are widely described: vertical and horizontal 精神可以描述为两个层面:纵向的和横向的 The definition of spirituality精神的定义 The vertical component describes that which is transcendent, the connections between a patient (inside of the body) and something outside of the patient: God, the divine, or a higher power (upward or out there somewhere). 纵向与自身以外的上帝,超自然力量的超越与联系 The horizontal component addresses the connections between persons. Connections between persons are generally understood as personal and social support that is embedded in the spiritual context and provided by re