考试说明写作概要writing--summary.ppt

* * * * Summary Writing 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。 评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要去来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。 词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑 ... 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。 1 概要写作： 提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文 写出一篇60词左右的内容概要 评分要点 1）理解准确，涵盖全部要点 2）准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇 3）有效使用语句间的连接成分，结构紧凑 4）完全使用自己的语言 Summary writing for argumentation There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt 1.Read ①topic: ② structure In what order does the passage develop to show the different “attitudes”? Tip1: Read for topic and structure (2 )In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger?was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So?did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt?in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a?bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.????? (3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor?ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have?moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?????? (4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an?American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages