《MankiwEconomicsCh24中山大学吴柏林教授曼昆·经济学原理”绝密资料.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 * * * * * * (a) Growth Rate 1960-1991 (b) Investment 1960-1991 South Korea Singapore Japan Israel Canada Brazil West Germany Mexico United Kingdom Nigeria United States India Bangladesh Chile Rwanda Growth Rate (percent) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 South Korea Singapore Japan Israel Canada Brazil West Germany Mexico United Kingdom Nigeria United States India Bangladesh Chile Rwanda Investment (percent of GDP) 0 10 20 30 40 Growth and Investment Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. The Importance of Saving and Investment As the stock of capital rises, the extra output produced from an additional unit of capital falls; this property is called diminishing returns. Because of diminishing returns, an increase in the saving rate leads to higher growth only for a while. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. The Importance of Saving and Investment In the long run, the higher saving rate leads to a higher level of productivity and income, but not to higher growth in these areas. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. The Importance of Saving and Investment The catch-up effect refers to the condition that, other things being equal, it is easier for a country to grow fast if it starts out relatively poor. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Investment from Abroad Governments can increase capital accumulation and long-term economic growth by encouraging investment from foreign sources. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Investment from Abroad Investment from abroad takes several forms: Foreign Direct Investment Capital investment owned and operated b