CANADA’S FIRST NATIONS ysmithcpallen加拿大的第一个国家ysmithcpallen.ppt

Canadas First Nations: Native Civilisations Mi’kmaq Creator Gloosecap Truro at Millbrook Parrsboro Inside a Malecite wood cabin Shanawdithit:The Last Beothuk A drawing by Shanawdithit of a Beothuk dancing woman Sketch of a Beothuk village The Arctic and Subarctic The Central Inuit, Labrador Inuit, Northern Cree near Hudson Bay, Dene near Yellowknife, Ojibwa, Chipewyan, Naskapi, the Innu of Labrador-Quebec The region of the Arctic is the coldest and harshest region in Canada.? The temperatures average between minus twenty-nine and minus thirty-four degrees Celsius.? Due to the coldness, very little vegetation grows in the Arctic. Thus, the people had to adapt in very creative ways:Bone sunglasses, whale and sealskin clothing (ugh boots, parkas), whale oil lamps, igloos, dog sleds, skin boats (kayaks and umiaks), soap stone carvings, snow shoes Inukshuk: Silent Messengers of the Arctic SOAPSTONE CARVING Sealskin boots UMIAK The umiak is a large open skin boat once widely used throughout the Arctic for whale hunting, or moving materials and groups of people. It is sometimes called the womens boat. When people or possessions were moved, women did the rowing or paddling - the man sat aft and steered. Otherwise, men usually used kayaks. Capable of carrying large loads, these boats allowed whole families to change their dwelling places. Umiaks could carry so many people that when the Russians dominated the Aleutian sealskin trade, they forbade the use of them for fear that armed boarding parties might storm their ships. Animal skins (usually walrus) were stretched over a wooden (driftwood) frame that had to be skillfully constructed to provide the strength needed for such a large boat. At between 22-33 feet / 7-10 meters long and about 5 feet / 1.5 meters wide, umiaks could carry 10 to 15 people, and yet they were still light enough to be carried over ice or land by about six people. Sub Arctic Tattooed women Kayak A SAD NORTHERN TALE In the 1950s, the Canadian