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Page * Chap. 21- Rocket Fundamentals Chap. 22- Chemical Propulsion Chap. 23- Orbits Trajectories Part 5 Rockets History of Rocketry Rocketry is based on propelling a vehicle by a reactive force. Chinese developed rockets in 1220; first to use in war. 1405 - German engineer Konrad Kyeser von Eichstadt devised a rocket propelled by gunpowder 1800 - Britain’s William Congreve developed flight-stabilizing guide sticks and built first viable launching pad. William Hale (English) developed spin stabilization with angled exhaust tubes. WW I - rockets used as signal flares and to carry messages, not used as primary weapon. Dr. Robert H. Goddard - Developed and launched first liquid propelled rocket. Recognized as the “Father of Modern Rocketry”. Germany developed liquid rocket as weapon in WW II know as the V-2. 21 Rocket Fundamentals Fundamental Physics Gravitation-Force of attraction between all matter within the universe Gravity- Gravitation force with a body (mass) on or near Earth (Galileo) Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation: Newton’s Three Law’s of Motion: 1) Inertia 2) F=ma 3) Action=Reaction Gm1m2 d2 F = Momentum = m x V Acceleration = rate of change of velocity Rocket Systems Airframe-Structure Propulsion Engines - Liquid Propellant Motors- Solid Propellant Guidance Systems - “Brain”, inertial platform, star tracking Control Systems - “Steering”, thrust vector control, reaction control Specific Impulse (Isp) = lbs of thrust delivered by consuming 1 lb of propellant in 1 second 21 Rocket Fundamentals Oxidizers Reducers Oxidation - combination of oxygen with another substance. Time it takes for this process determines if substance rusts, corrodes, burns, or explodes Combustion - Rapid oxidation Oxidizer - Chemical element of Oxygen used to facilitate oxidation Reducers - Fuel used to combine with Oxygen to produce combustion. Propellant - Common reference to both oxidizer and fuel Bipropellant - Propellant with separate storage of oxidizer and fuel. Monopr
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