Containerless Undercooling and Solidification of Nd 无容器凝固过冷度和Nd.pptVIP

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Containerless Undercooling and Solidification of Nd 无容器凝固过冷度和Nd.ppt

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Solidification of electromagnetically levitated Nd-Fe-B melt droplets J. Gao1,2, T. Volkmann1, J. Strohmenger1, S. Reutzel3, D.M. Herlach1 1 Institute of Space Simulation, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany 2 Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China 3 Institute of Experimental Physics IV, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany Outline Motivation Experimental-Setup Solidification experiments Microstructural examination Conclusions outlook Introduction to Nd-Fe-B alloys Peritectic formation of f Motivation - direct f formation Electromagnetic Levitator In-situ X-ray diffraction analysis Cooling curves during solidification In-situ diffraction analysis Primary phase selection map Solidification microstructure Thermomagnetic analysis Summary Outlook – Fe-rich compositions * Sino-German Workshop on EPM 10-12 October, 2004, Shanghai 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 (BH) max (MGOe) Year AlNiCo5 Ba-Ferrite DS-Alnico SmCo5 Nd2Fe14B Sm2Co17 0 B H (BH)max (BH)max Nd-Fe-B Ferrite F-Nd2Fe14B cell Hysteresis loops Development of PMM g L f Nd-Fe-B phase diagram Peritectic formation of f Residual Fe dendrites lead to reduced magnetic properties. Fabrication of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets requires casting of bulk ingots for powder precursors. T (K) Fe (at.%) (Nd:B=2:1) 82.3 76.5 L+ g L+ f Undercooled Overheated f TL f TL g L TP Peritectic f-phase might be solidified directly from an undercooled liquid. It is a big challenge to undercool Nd-Fe-B melt droplets because of their high chemical reactivity! To chart recorder R. F. Generator He (6N) Coil Quartz tube To vacuum pump Sample (1g, 6mm) Pyrometer Vac:=10-6 mbar PHe=10-50 mbar EML + low P + TTL ? large DT Nd2O3 (s)+ Nd (L)? NdO (g) X-ray Synchrotron radiation: highly penetrating Beamtime: ID 15A, ESRF, Grenoble, France Recalescence occurs due to rapid latent heat release! MS= c-Nd2Fe17Bx; Th2Zn17-type rhombohedral structure; Dec