原版CCNA教材-第2章_OSI分层模型辩析.ppt

Purpose: This figure compares hubs in a CSMA/CD environment to a highway with multiple access points. Emphasize: The more entrance points onto the highway, the greater the likelihood for a collision to occur. Likewise, the more end stations on a hub trying to access the line, the more collisions occur. Purpose: This figure compares physical standards to data link standards. Emphasize: As illustrated, certain physical standards are associated with certain data link standards. For example, 802.3 is used with data link standard 802.2 for Ethernet. It is not used in WAN connections. Emphasize: All MAC addresses on a LAN must be unique. Two devices with the same MAC address cannot be on the same data link. Note: The IEEE assigned vendor code is just one of Cisco’s many MAC vendor codes. Cisco has many more, many of which came with Cisco’s acquisitions. Note: Different upper layer protocols use either SNAP or SAP. Emphasize: To reduce the number of collisions, a switch can be split into multiple segments, each in a separate collision domain. Note that all segments are in the same broadcast domain. Purpose: This figure compares the switch to a highway. Purpose: This figure maps the lower layers to the network layer. Emphasize: Routing occurs at the network layer. Most of this course uses the IP network layer protocol. It supports multiple lower layer protocols. IPX will also be covered in a single chapter in this course. Routers are network layer devices. Emphasize: Route determination occurs at this layer so a packet must include a source and destination address. Network layer addresses have two components, a network component for internetwork routing and a node number for a device specific address. The example in the figure is an example of an IP packet and address. Emphasize: Routers maintain routes in routing tables. Before any routing can be done an administrator must configure a router with certain key information such as addresses and tell the router how to de