细胞质 (恢复).ppt

第三节 内质网（Endoplasmic Reticulum） 内质网的功能 heterophagy autophagy The cis-,medial-,and trans-Golgi cisternae contain different sets of enzymes that introduce different modifications to secretory and membrane proteins 二、高尔基体的功能 （一）加工和修饰 （糖基化、蛋白质的有限水解） （二）分选作用 Initial processing of N-linked oligosaccharides in the rough ER Differences in processing in different proteins,as well as in different cell types and species,produce N-linked oligosaccharides with a variety of structures. Membrane-enclosed compartment in eucaryotic cell that has a distinct structure, macromolecular composition, and function. organelles The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continous cytomembrane system of cisternae which defines the lumen and seperates it from the remainder of the cytoplasmic matrix. It links the synthetic machinery of the cell to the outside environment Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) 形态特征与类型 糙面内质网（rough ER） 光面内质网（smooth ER） (一）糙面内质网的功能 (二）光面内质网的功能 糙面内质网的功能 1. 与蛋白质的合成和跨膜转运有关 合成的蛋白质进入内质网或定位于内质网膜上 合成的蛋白有两种形式： 可溶性蛋白 膜蛋白 Types of transmembrane proteins Newly synthesized polypeptides in the membrane and lumen of the ER undergo five principal modifications : Addition and processing of carbohydrate (ER G) Formation of disulfide (ER) Proper folding (ER) Specific proteolytic cleavages (ER G) Assembly into multimeric proteins (ER) Post-translational modifications and quality control in the rough ER to protein glycosylation N-linked Initial processing of N-linked oligosaccharides in the rough ER 衣霉素 Biosynthesis of the N-linked oligosaccharide precusor 1. HA0——hemagglutinin precursor polypeptide Oligosaccharides may promote folding and stability of glycoprotein 2. fibronectin eg back Sufficient oxidant is present Be found only in secretory proteins and exoplasmic domains of membrane proteins 钙联蛋白、钙网蛋白 Correct folding of mewly made proteins is facilitated by several ER proteins(chaperone protein