爱爱医资源-膀胱癌.doc

膀胱癌-Bladder Cancer 膀胱癌-Bladder癌症 来源：医学全在线 更新：2008-9-1 医学英语论坛 来源:医学全在线更新:2008-9-1医学英语论坛 What is the bladder? 膀胱是什么? The bladder is part of the urinary tract. It is at the bottom of the abdomen. It fills with urine and we pass urine out from time to time through a tube called the urethra. The urethra passes through the prostate gland and penis in men. The urethra is shorter in women and opens just above the vagina. 把膀胱泌尿系统的一部分。这是底部的腹部。它充满了尿排尿和我们从一次又一次的被称为尿道通过一根管子。尿道经过前列腺,男性的阴茎。女性尿道较短,打开仅略高于阴道。 Urine is made in the kidneys and contains water and waste materials. A tube called a ureter comes from each kidney and drains the urine down to the bladder. 尿中肾脏和含有水分和废料。管称为输尿管来自每个肾脏和排泄尿液下来膀胱。 The cells that line the inside of the bladder are called transitional cells or urothelial cells. There is a thin layer of cells beneath the lining called the lamina propria. The outer part of the bladder wall contains a thick layer of muscle tissue which contracts from time to time to push out the urine. 上的细胞内的膀胱移行细胞被称为过渡细胞或细胞。有一层薄的细胞在衬砌称为固有层。的外部含有膀胱壁厚层的肌肉组织,合同,排出尿。 What is cancer? 什么是癌症吗? Cancer is a disease of the cells in the body. The body is made up from millions of tiny cells. There are many different types of cell in the body, and there are many different types of cancer which arise from different types of cell. What all types of cancer have in common is that the cancer cells are abnormal and multiply out of control. 癌症是一种疾病的细胞在体内。身体是由有成千上万的微小的细胞。有很多不同种类的细胞在身体里面,有很多不同种类的癌症而产生不同类型的细胞。所有类型的癌症的共同点就是癌细胞异常增多“控制”。 A malignant tumour is a lump or growth of tissue made up from cancer cells which continue to multiply. Malignant tumours invade into nearby tissues and organs which can cause damage. 一个恶性肿瘤是一“块状”或“增长的组织由癌症细胞继续繁衍。恶性肿瘤侵入附近组织和器官,可能会导致阀门的损坏。 Malignant tumours may also spread to other parts of the body. This happens if some cells break off from the first (primary) tumour and are carried in the bloodstream or lymph channels to other par