自己总结的manhattan笔记.doc

Chapter 3 Subject-verb agreement 每一个句子都必须有一个主语和谓语（动词），且主语和谓语要一致。 1、Subject ane verb must both exist （一）连词开头的句子一定要有主句，否则是错误的。 EG: Because the dog was never mine. 错误，缺乏一个主句 （二）只存在主语不存在谓语的句子也是错误的。(Fragment) 2、Subject and verb must make sense together 主语和谓语从逻辑上一定要合理 EG: × The development of a hydrogen car based on expected performance parameters will be able to travel hundreds of miles without refueling. (development能够不加油就跑几百miles) 3、subject and verb must agree in number 主语和谓语在单复数上要一致 4、Eliminate the middlemen, and skip the warm-up （三）容易引起 主语不明显的几个情况 1，prepositional phrase Of mice; for mike; by 1800 In Zambia; with her; at that level 这种短语直接划掉。EG：NEAR Galway, the house on the road to piddle is gorgeous 2.Subordinate clauses EG: (when the auditors left), the executive (who had been interviewed) was glad. 说明：从句始终只是句子中辅助的成分，类似大形容词，大名词或大副词,经常被用作为middlemen and warm-ups 3.other modifiers 过去分词，现在分词，以及“逗号”（逗号有时会将修饰语与句子其他部分分开） EG：Limping, the horse once considered one of the favorites was taken away 5、And vs. Additive Phrases 1. 只有and 连接几个不同的名词的时候才构成复数结构，谓语动词要用复数。 2. 其他连接性的词（additive phrases)（along with, in addition to, as well as, together with, including,）连接不同的名词，只是起着修饰的作用，不会改变主语的单复数，不影响谓语动词。 3. 一些表示学科的词（physics, mathematics）、一些活动（aerobics）和一些疾病（diabetes） 虽然以S结尾，仍属于单数名词，谓语动词用单数。 6、or; either or; neither nor 1. 就近原则：离谓语动词近的是单数，谓语动词就用单数；复数就用复数 EG: Neither the coach nor the players are going to the beach. 2. 若仅仅只有either 或 neither, 没有or 、nor，则谓语动词一定要用单数 EG: Neither the children is going to school 7、Each and every: Singular sensations 1、each every 两个词如果放在复数之前用单数 EG: every dog and cat has paws. Each of these shits is pretty 2、each every 两个词如果放复数之后用复数 EG: They each are great tennis players. 8、Collective nouns:Almost always singular 集合名词是单数形式但是指代复数概念，在GMAT中几乎都是单数 People: agency, army, audience, class, committee, crowd, orchestra, team Items: baggage, citrus, equipment, fleet, fruit, furniture 9、sub