机械类专业英语教学课件作者韩林烨关雄飞Unit1课件.pptVIP

Unit1 Orthographic Projection  and Basic Views The Definition of Projection Two Kinds of Projection Methods Basic views I. The Definition of Projection When an object is in the sun or under the light, there will be shadow on the floor or on the wall. This phenomenon is called projection. Through scientific studies and summarization, the relationship between shadows and objects is discovered, thus creating the projection methods. As shown in figure 1-1, suppose point S is the centre of projection. A projective line going through point S and a spatial point A intersects the projection plane P at point a. Point a is called the projection of the spatial point A on projection plane P. Similarly, point b and c are respectively the projections of point B and C. Therefore, the projection of a point is still a point. Figure 1-1 Definition of Projection When points a, b ,c are connected by lines, then triangle △abc becomes the projection of the spatial triangle △ABC on the projection plane P (see figure 1-2). Figure 1-2 Perspective Projection II. Two Kinds of Projection Methods Perspective projection If projective lines are all from the same point—the center of projection, the projection drawing of the object on the projection plane is then called perspective projection (See figure 1-2). As shown in figure 1-2, the size of the projection triangle △abc changes according to the distance between the projection center point S and the spatial triangle △ABC or the distance between the spatial triangle △ABC and the projection plane P. Therefore, perspective projection does not show the original size of an object. 2. Parallel projection Parallel projection can be regarded as a special case of perspective projection. Suppose the projection center S is at infinity, the projection lines then can be viewed as parallel. Therefore, by drawing the parallel lines on the projection plane, the object can be drawn out. This method is called parallel projection. (The method o