机械类专业英语教学课件作者韩林烨关雄飞Unit6课件.pptVIP

Unit 6 The Lathe 　　 Text Lathes are machine tools designed primarily to do turning, facing and boring. Very little turning is done on other types of machine tools, and none can do it with equal facility. Because lathes also can do drilling and reaming, their versatility permits several operations to be done with a single setup of the work piece. Consequently, more lathes of various types are used in manufacturing than any other machine tool. The lathe removes material by rotating the workpiece against a cutter to produce external or internal cylindrical or conical surfaces.1 In facing, the work piece is rotated while the cutting tool is moved perpendicularly to the axis of rotation. Based on their purpose, construction, number of tools that can simultaneously be mounted, and degree of automation etc., lathe-type machine tools can be classified as follows: In spite of that diversity of lathe-type machine tools, they all have common features with respect to construction and principle of operation. As an example, engine lathes (Figure6-1), which are the type most frequently used in manufacturing, will be illustrated in the text. The essential components of engine lathes are the bed, headstock assembly, tailstock assembly, lead screw and feed rod. 1—headstock 2—tool-post 3—tailstock 4—bed 5—feed-rod 6—lead-screw 7—carriage 　　 The bed is the backbone of a lathe. It usually is made of well normalized or aged gray or nodular cast iron and provides a heavy, rigid frame on which all the other basic components are mounted. The headstock accurately ground ways upon which the carriage and the tailstock slide. The ways should be precision-machined to assure accuracy of alignment. On most modern lathes the ways are surface-hardened to resist wear and abrasion, but precaution should be taken in operating a lathe to assure that the ways are not damaged. Any inaccuracy in them usually means that the accuracy of the entire lathe is destroyed. On the carriage the