Daniel Defoe..PPTVIP

18th Century English Literature First half: an age of relative peace, security and optimism Second half: a period of turbulence, full of ideological, political, social and economic revolutions Historical background Party struggle the liberal Whigs -- safeguard popular liberty the conservative Tories -- defend the royal authority the bourgeoisie and the aristocracy ruled the country together The Industrial Revolution basic cause – colonial expansion abroad demand for manufactured goods essential conditions – a market of free labor and f