GIS复习题..docVIP

Chapter 1 Introduction PartⅠ：Explanation of Terms 1.GIS :Computer system for capturing storing querying analyzing and displaying geographically referenced data. 地理信息系统(GIS) 是用于输入、存储、查询、分析和显示地理参照数据的计算机系统。 2.Geographically referenced data: Also called geospatial data, describe both locations and characteristics of spatial features. 地理参照数据又称地理空间数据,描述空间要素的位置和特征 3.Attrbute data：描述空间要素特征的数据 4. Spatial Data：描述空间要素几何特征的数据 5. Discrete features：指观测值不连续的要素，形成分离的实体，并可单个地识别。 6. Continuous features：指观测值连续的要素 PartⅡ：Short Answer 1. Define geographically referenced data.定义地理参照数据 Geographically referenced data are data that describe both the locations and characteristics of spatial features such as roads, land parcels, and vegetation stands on the Earth’s surface. 2. Define spatial data and attribute data.定义空间数据和属性数据 Spatial data describe the locations of spatial features, which may be discrete or continuous. Attribute data describe the characteristics of spatial features. 3. Explain the difference between vector data and raster data.解释矢量数据和栅格数据之间的不同 Vector data use points and their x-, y-coordinates to represent spatial features of points, lines, and areas. Raster data use a grid and grid cells to represent the spatial variation of a feature. 4. Explain the difference between the georelational data model and the object-based data model.解释地理相关数据模型和基于对象数据模型之间的不同 The georelational data model uses a split system to store spatial data and attribute data. The object-based data model stores spatial data and attribute data in a single system. 5. How does data exploration differ from data analysis?数据探查与数据分析有何不同 Data exploration involves the activities of exploring the general trends in the data, taking a close look at data subsets, and focusing on possible relationships between data sets, whereas data analysis uses GIS commands to perform operations on data. Part Ⅲ：Single-choice 1. (T or F) GIS software is only one of the components of a GIS. ①True√ ②False 2. Which of the followin