《2011.2实验二铸铁、有色金属及合金显微组织分析(含实验报告格式).pptVIP

石墨呈球状 第一部分：常用铸铁组织观察 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 石墨呈蠕虫状 第一部分：常用铸铁组织观察 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 何为石墨？ 石墨是游离状态的碳，其强度、硬度、塑性、韧性很低，硬度仅为3—5HBS，伸长率近于零。 铸铁的组织可以看成是在铁或钢的基体上夹杂着石墨，石墨对基体产生割裂作用。 因此，石墨的存在使铸铁的力学性能下降，其性能比钢低，不能锻造，且石墨的数量越多，越粗大，分布越不均匀，铸铁的力学性能越差。 但石墨的存在也赋予铸铁许多钢所不及的优良性能，如铸造性能、减振性和减摩性等。 第一部分：常用铸铁组织观察 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 铸铁的石墨化 铸铁组织的类型取决于石墨化的程度。 （1）铸铁中碳原子析出并形成石墨的过程称为石墨化。 石墨化若能充分或大部分进行，则能获得灰口铸铁，反之将得到白口铸铁。 石墨既可以从液体和奥氏体中析出，也可以通过渗碳体分解来获得。 灰口铸铁和球墨铸铁中的石墨主要是从液体中析出；可锻铸铁中的石墨则完全由白口铸铁经长时间退火，由渗碳体分解而得到。 第一部分：常用铸铁组织观察 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. （2）影响石墨化的因素 冷却速度：缓慢冷却有利于石墨化； 合金元素：C和Si强烈促进，S强烈阻碍，Mn阻碍，P微弱促进。 第一部分：常用铸铁组织观察 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .