资源文献--如何写好英语作文.docVIP

如何写好英语作文作者：葛文山 一、布局谋篇 在动笔之前，学生需要先审题，了解题目的要求，对文章的体裁和结构有一个整体的宏观规划。一般来说，高考英语作文是一篇100—150字的英语小短文，通常由两三段构成，构建语篇的篇章结构有以下四种基本方法[1]： ㈠列举描述法 在讲故事时，我们常常使用列举描述法（collection/description），通过时间顺序或空间顺序，罗列一些事实观点、事情的细节、特征等零散的信息。在报刊杂志中，记者往往采取新闻写作法（journalistic writing style）来构思行文，一篇新闻报道必须包括五个W，也就是who, what, where, when and why.?例如2012年北京高考卷的作文题： 假设你是红星中学高三1班的学生李华，校报英文版正在开展续写雷锋日记活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，将你所做的一件好事以日记形式记述下来，向校报投稿。 ? 【样文】This morning,?walking on the street, I met two strangers who were studying a map. They looking worried, I realized that they must have been lost, so I asked them what I could help them with. They told me that they would go to the Temple of Heaven.?Then?I led them to the nearby bus stop and told them a No. 20 bus could take them right there.?Soon afterwards,?the bus arrived.?Not until?they got on the bus did I wave goodbye to them and left. I was so glad that I could help others. 上面这篇样文就是按照时间顺序来布局谋篇的，常使用到一些表示时间的过渡词，如shortly after, ever since, at the same time, before long, first, second等。表示空间顺序的过渡词有：on the left, in the middle/center of, at the foot/top/end of, on the other side of, to the left/right of等。 ㈡因果关系法 因果关系法（cause/effect）可以先阐述原因，再说结果，也可以先提出一个社会现象，然后分析导致这个现象的原因。例如2012年高考安徽卷的英语作文题： 假设美国某中学的学生明天来你校访问交流，主题是高中生对文、理科的选择。请你用英语写一篇发言稿，向他们介绍你所做的选择，并说明选择的理由。 【样文】High school students are faced with a choice between arts and science. Most students make their final decision, depending on their hobbies and interests, weaknesses and strengths, and future goals. Having taken everything into consideration, I made my final decision to be an arts student. There are some reasons accounting for my choice.?First, arts lessons, full of famous people and events, are extremely interesting and enjoyable while abstract concepts and calculation in science lessons are very boring. Second, the choice of arts can help me achieve my childhood dream of becoming a lawyer or translator. Third, I am better at arts than science, which will enable me to perform well