专四语法2：非谓语动词.docVIP

幻灯片1 非谓语动词 幻灯片2 A. 类型 B.功能 1.不定式 →主语、表语、宾语、补语、 定语、状语 2.分词 →表语、定语、状语和补语 3.动名词 →主语、表语、定语和宾语 幻灯片3 基本特点： ☆做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为非谓语动词的原因。 ☆它们具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。 ☆不受主语的人称和数的限制。 幻灯片4 不定式 幻灯片5 2.1 作宾语 只能加+ to do 幻灯片6 不定式的时态 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing 完成进行式 to have been doing 幻灯片7 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的或是在其后发生的。例如： Thousands of young people are learning to ski． (同时) Where can we get some sickles to cut the rice with?我们到哪儿去弄些镰刀割稻’呢? 幻灯片8 The Minister of Finance is believed _____of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (2004--48) A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking C. that he is to think D. to think 答案：B 试题分析：本题考查的是非谓语动词的用法。详细解答：用动词不定式的现在进行时：to be doing，意为“正在考虑”。 B 幻灯片9 不定式的进行式 1. 不定式的进行式强调其所表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生时正在进行。 He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. He is said to write a preface to the book. (He will write) He is said to be writing a preface to the book. (He is writing) 幻灯片10 2. 不定式的完成进行式强调其所表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作发生之前发生，而且一直进行。 She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. He looked too young to have been publishing books for six years. 他看上去很年轻，不像是已经出版了六年书的人。 幻灯片11 不定式的完成式 1. 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, wanted, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，计划或期待等。也可用来表示先于谓语动词发生动作或状态，to have +过去分词表示动作，to have been表示状态。 幻灯片12 I intended to have come to see you. (我本打算来看你的) He was to have fetched you here．他本该去把你带来的。 She has to have passed Advanced Level in two subjects before she goes to university. (必先通过……，才能) You are lucky to have won the girl’s heart．(You have won．．．) 幻灯片13 2.用在seem, appear, think, consider, believe 等后，不定式的完成式所表示的动作（状态）发生在主要谓语动词或特定的某时间之前，它一般强调事情的完成或结果。 Judging from his manners at the party, he doesn’t seem to have received much education. He was believed to have been a reporter.