独立主结构教学用.docVIP

83 2010-1-6 一、独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 二、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）　 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say. Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 2. 名词(代词)+过去分词 The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. 3. 名词(代词)+不定式 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。 The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。 Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家，一个去了书店。4. 名词(代词)+形容词 An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. Computers very small, we can use them widely. 5. 名词(代词)+副词 The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. The lights off, we could not go on with the work. He put on his sweater wrong side out. The meeting over, they all went home. 6. 名词(代词)+名词 His first shot failure，he fired again． 他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。 Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。2010-1-7 独立主格结构7. 名词(代词) +介词短语 He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm． 他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。 Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back． 每天下午，一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。 ?????? A robber