一种适用于Ad hoc网络的基于概率的负载均衡算法.doc

一种适用于Ad hoc网络的基于概率的负载均衡算法* 摘要：为解决移动自组织网络(MANET)中网络拥塞导致的网络时延增大和吞吐量下降，提出一种基于概率的负载均衡算法，节点利用历史负载信息映射网络负载状态，用概率算法进行路由准入，从而完成负载均衡。基于历史状态的负载映射有效解决了分布式独立运算中存在的负载状态判断困难等问题，概率算法能有效克服门限准入法则存在的模糊判别问题，同时大量减少广播包的洪泛，节省信道资源。结合经典的按需路由协议，设计了HP_DSR(History and Probability Based Dynamic Source Routing)协议。仿真和理论分析一致表明，该负载均衡算法能够准确有效的对网络负载进行均衡，HP_DSR协议在没有增加任何信道开销的情况下显著提高了网络吞吐量，降低了时延。 关键词：移动自组织网络； 路由协议；负载均衡；路由准入 中图分类号：TN915 文献标志码： A A Load Balancing Algorithm Based on Probability for Ad hoc Networks Abstract: To resolve the problems of network congestion leading to high end-to-end delay and low throughput in MANET (mobile ad hoc network), we propose an algorithm of load-balancing based on probability. In this algorithm, nodes map the load state of network historical load information and judge route access by probability to balance the load in the networks. Mapping the load state of network by historical load information is an effective solution to the problem of difficult to judge load state in distributed operation. Probabilistic algorithms can effectively overcome the problem of fuzzy recognition in the rule of threshold, while a significant reduction the flooding of broadcast and saving channel resources. Combined with classical reactive routing protocol, a new routing protocol called HP_DSR is developed. The computer simulation confirms the theoretical analysis and shows the load balancing algorithm could balance network load accurately and efficiently, HP_DSR protocol improves network throughput and reduces the end-to-end delay effectively without extra route overhead. Key words: MANET; routing protocol; load balance; route access 0引言 移动自组织网络MANET(Mobile Ad hoc Network)的无线信道容量有限，当网络负载较大的时候极易出现拥塞而导致网络性能下降。经典的按需路由协议AODV[1]和DSR[2]等在网络轻负载情况下表现良好在的情况下性能都急剧恶化[]。主要是由于在路径选择时倾向于使用相同的节点作为中间节点，大量的数据通过少量节点引起网络的塞robability)算法。该算法由基于历史信息的负载映射机制和基于概率的路由准入组成，算法能有效解决路由准入中负载状态判断不准和门限准入规则等适应性不强的问题，并把HP算法与经典的按需路由协议DSR相结合，设计了HP_DSR协议。 算法描述 基于概率的路由准入 目前，负载均衡中的路由准入算法大部分基于门限准则来实现[11]。门限准则通过设置一个门限值来判断路由