[湘少版2012版四年级下册英语导学案.doc

记叙文写作方法 有的同学说：我的汉语记叙文写得不错，英语记叙文也不会有什么大问题吧。这种说法是片面的。英语记叙文是用一种与汉语完全不同的语言写成的记叙文，因此，它必然会有自己的语言特点，光知道记叙文怎么写，而不了解英语记叙文的语言特点，是无法用英语写出好的记叙文的。那么，英语记叙文有那些语言特点呢？ 　　先让我们来读下面这篇短文： 　　One day a graduate student went to see his teacher. He had just got an important job and now was coming to say good-bye to him. The teacher asked him how he would behave among the high officials（高官）。 The graduate said， “I will be all right. I have prepared a hundred high hats’， one for each official I meet.? I am sure I will succeed. ”The teacher became angry at the words. “What！” he cried. “Is this what I have been teaching you for the past ten years？? Nothing but a mean flatterer（马屁精）！”“Forgive me， honored master！ the student rose to his feet and apologized hurriedly.”But you have always been interested in your studies only and do not know how vulgar（庸俗的）the world has cothe to be. There are few men in the world who are behaving honestly like you. “”There is something in what you said， the teacher sighed（叹息道），nodding his head. So they parted（分手）on the best of terms， with the graduates total number of“high hats” being one less. 　　在这篇大约180个词的短文中，出现了9种不同的动词时态，几乎包括了英语中所有的重要时态形式。在这些时态中，又以一般过去时为主。这种复杂的时态特征在汉语记叙文中是根本没有的；但正是有了这些时态变化，才使这篇英语短文所记叙的动作有了层次感和立体感。 　　因此，以一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记叙文的首要的语言特征。 　　在写作实践中，我们可以发现：不少同学在写英语记叙文时，时态概念淡薄。有的在文章中用一种时态到底，没有任何变化；有的不顾上下文，随心所欲地使用不同的动词时态。写出的文章没有了动作的先后性或层次感。究其原因，就是在写记叙文时，没有在英语动词时态这一最为重要的语言特点上下功夫。我们必须明白：汉语的动词是没有时态的，但对于英语记叙文来说，动词时态错了，即便你的文字有多么漂亮，你所记叙的内容也就成了一个没有时间概念的“混乱世界”。 　　现在，让我们再回过头来看那篇英语短文：在180个英语单词中，动词及其变化形式占了47个。由于这些动词的存在，整篇短文有了“动感”，而这种让往事再现的“动感”正是优秀记叙文所要追求的。英语动词具有时态、语态、谓语动词和非谓语动词等表现形式，所以就更能醒目地体现出这种动感。 　　因此，多用动词，特别是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文的又一个明显的语言特征。 　　下面这篇曾刊于上海学生英文报的学生作文就较好地表现出了英语记叙文的这一语言特点： 　　Honesty 　　When I was a? little child， I was very naughty and eager to know how the things around me worked. 　　I would do something“bad” or surprising and often made others angry.? But I will never forget what I did once and what had been told then. One day， I found a litt