2015年3月28日托福考试听力真题回顾2015年3月28日托福考试听力真题回顾.doc

2015年3月28日托福考试听力真题回顾 　　第一套 　　Conversation 1 　　学生要在校内卖艺术品，商店不允许，然后给学生建议哪里去卖。有三种渠道：公开展出; online;专门卖这种的集市。 　　-TPO部分对应参考 (校内活动/社团生活 TPO16-C1/TPO17-C2) 　　-TPO对应词汇 　　Lecture 1 　　艺术。介绍静物画，要讲究真实精确自然。不能让人感到刻意。然后画面的均衡，创作静物画的步骤。强调画之前一定要想好构图。 　　-TPO部分对应参考 (美术类TPO19-L4/TPO21-L4) 　　-参考背景 　　A still life (plural still lifes) is a work of art depicting mostly inanimate subject matter, typically commonplace objects which may be either natural (food, flowers, dead animals, plants, rocks, or shells) or man-made (drinking glasses, books, vases, jewelry, coins, pipes, and so on). With origins in the Middle Ages and Ancient Graeco-Roman art, still-life painting emerged as a distinct genre and professional specialization in Western painting by the late 16th century, and has remained significant since then. Still life gives the artist more freedom in the arrangement of elements within a composition than do paintings of other types of subjects such as landscape or portraiture. Early still-life paintings, particularly before 1700, often contained religious and allegorical symbolism relating to the objects depicted. Some modern still life breaks the two-dimensional barrier and employs three-dimensional mixed media, and uses found objects, photography, computer graphics, as well as video and sound. 　　Still life emerged from the painting of details in larger compositions with subjects, and historically has been often combined with figure subjects, especially in Flemish Baroque painting. The term includes the painting of dead animals, especially game. Live ones are considered animal art, although in practice they were often painted from dead models. The still-life category also shares commonalities with zoological and especially botanical illustration, where there has been considerable overlap among artists. Generally a still life includes a fully depicted background, and puts aesthetic rather than illustrative concerns as primary. Still life occupied the lowest rung of the hierarchy of genres,