Lab 5 Experiment of Ammonia Absorption(修改).doc

Lab 5 Experiment of Absorption I. Objectives 1. Understand the configuration of an absorption column 2. Determine the overall volumetric gas phase mass transfer coefficient , KYα 3. Understand the characteristics of single-film resistance. II. Principles In gas absorption process, a solute component is absorbed by contacting with a liquid phase, in which the component is soluble. In this experiment, water is used to remove ammonia from air. The absorption of NH3 in water is gas phase controlled. The gas phase coefficient approximately equals to the overall mass-transfer coefficient. Based on this, the overall volumetric mass-transfer coefficient can be evaluated. When the mole fraction of solute in liquid is less than 10%, the equilibrium correlation obeys Henry’s law. The overall mass-transfer coefficient is (1.26) where, h = height of packed section, m KYα= overall volumetric gas phase mass transfer coefficient , kmol/m3﹒h Y = mole ratio of solute to solvent in gas phase; Y1, inlet value; and Y2, outlet value ΔYm = logarithm average driving force for gas phase III. Apparatus (1). Ammonia absorption apparatus and the process Figure 1.7 presents a diagram of the gas absorption unit to be employed in this experiment. This unit consists of 3 rotameters, 4 manometers, 2 thermometers, 2 buffer tanks, an effluent gas analyzer and an absorption tower. An air-ammonia mixture is introduced to the bottom of the column and pure water is sprayed from the top of the column. The air flowing upward contacts with water stream flowing downwards, which absorbs ammonia. Fig. 1.7 Gas absorption apparatus 1—packed tower; 2—sprayer; 3—packed section; 4—grid; 5—air blower; 6—by-pass valve; 7—buffer tank; 8, 18, 26—rotameters; 9,15—thermometers; 10,17,28—manometer(open to atmosphere);11—ammonia cylinder; 12, 13—pressure gauge; 14—ammonia buffer tank; 16—ammonia control valve; 19—pressure regulating valve; 20—sampling pipe for effluent