东亚贸易模式和全球价值链-翻译.doc

东亚的贸易模式和全球价值链：从商品贸易到服务贸易 World Trade Organization The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world’s trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. The goal is to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers conduct their business. 世界贸易组织 世界贸易组织是唯一的处理国家之间的贸易规则的国际组织，其核心是世贸组织谈判和签署的协议，并由大的贸易国家签订，并得到他们的议会批准。其目的是帮助出口商和进口商进行生产的产品和服务的交换。 IDE-JETRO The Institute of Developing Economies (IDE) conducts research on economic, political and societal issues in developing economies to support Japan’s expansion of harmonious trade and investment and provision of international economic cooperation focused on developing economies. 日本贸易振兴会---发展中国家研究所 经济发展研究所研究发展中国家的经济，政治和社会问题，来帮助日本对这些发展中国家进行更和谐的贸易扩张及投资，并且提供国际经济合作的机会。 WTO成员经常被称为“国家”，但也有一些成员不是在通常的名正言顺的国家，但正式“单独关税区”。 本报告中的地理和其他集团不暗示任何表达意见的作者关于任何国家或地区的地位，其划界边界或任何WTO成员在WTO协议方面的权利和义务。边界，宗派在地图设有本出版物中使用的分类并不意味着任何判决法律或其他身份等任何领土，也没有任何认可或接受任何边界。 Foreword This book is the result of cooperation between IDEJETRO and the WTO in analysing a fundamental change that has been taking place in the structure of international trade. This change is referred to in various ways: vertical specialization, production sharing, trade in tasks, or supply chain trade, to cite just a few. What these all indicate is that much of trade these days comprises components or intermediate goods and services that pass from economy to economy before becoming part of a final traded product. This change has many implications for the way we understand trade policy. The distinction between “them” and “us” that has traditionally defined our way of thinking about imports and exports is increasingly outmoded. Products are no longer “made in Japan”, or “made in France”; they are truly “made in the world”. This new reality has profound implications on several counts. In particular, it redefin