微观经济英文中文名词解释.docVIP

How?people?make?decisions:?1.?people?face?tradeoffs? ???????????????????????2.?The?cost?of?something?is?what?you?give?up?to?get?it ???????????????????????3.?Rational?people?think?at?the?margin ???????????????????????4.?People?respond?to?incentives How?people?interact:??????5.trade?can?make?everyone?better?off ???????????????????????6.?Markets?are?usually?a?good?way?to?organize?economic?activity ???????????????????????7.?Government?can?sometimes?improve?market?outcomes How?the?economy?as??????8.?A?country’s?standard?of?living?depends?on?its?ability?to?produce? A?whole?works:??????????????goods?and?services ???????????????????????9.?Prices?rise?when?the?government?prints?too?much?money ???????????????????????10.?Society?faces?a?short-run?tradeoff?between?inflation?and?unemployment ? ? ????????????????????????????????Key?concepts: Ability-to-pay?principle（税收的）能力支付原则:?The?idea?that?taxes?should?be?levied?on?a?person?according?to?how?well?that?person?can?shoulder?the?burden Absolute?advantage绝对优势:?The?comparison?among?producers?of?a?good?according?to?their?productivity Accounting?profit会计利润:?Total?revenue?minus?total?explicit?cost Adverse?selection逆向选择:?The?tendency?for?the?mix?of?unobserved?attributes?to?become?undesirable?from?the?standpoint?of?an?uninformed?party Agent代理人:?A?person?who?is?performing?an?act?for?another?person,?called?the?principal Aggregate-demand?curve:?a?curve?that?shows?the?quantity?of?goods?and?services?that?households,?firms,?and?the?government?want?to?buy?at?each?price?level Aggregate?risk:?risk?that?affects?all?economic?actors?at?once Aggregate-supply?curve:?a?curve?that?shows?the?quantity?of?goods?and?services?that?firms?choose?to?produce?and?sell?at?each?price?level Appreciation:?an?increase?in?the?value?of?a?currency?as?measured?by?the?amount?of?foreign?currency?it?can?buy Arrow’s?impossibility?theorem阿罗不可能定理:?A?mathematical?result?showing?that,?under?certain?assumed?conditions,?there?is?no?scheme?for?aggregating?individual?preferences?into?a